Diagram Plus guide

Then find someone that you enjoy doing it with - a friend, your dog or do it on your own and make it your time to focus on your body and empty your mind!
If you are just too tired to exercise, try just walking around the block everyday, maybe twice a day. Then increase the number of times around the block as your energy builds and your stamina increases. There may be days when even this is too much. On those days, simply honour the messages from your body, without being hard on yourself, and give your body the love and rest it needs.
Now lets look briefly at the emotional side of the immune building story. Research has shown that immune response is affected by emotions. Simply put, you can think of the immune system - its strength and vitality - as a reflection of your emotional state. Everyone has heard stories of people dying after their loved ones pass away, otherwise known as dying of a broken heart. Well it may be more accurate to say they died of a depressed immune system. Studies have shown the link between specific negative emotions and the immune response. The most detrimental emotions are feelings of hopelessness or helplessness, like feeling trapped or stuck, with no control over the outcome of events. The next article in this series will address the emotional side of healing in more detail but in summary the more hope, the more joy, the more love and laughter you can bring into your life during your healing journey the more you are encouraging and stimulating your immune system.
I started meditating about 15 years ago. The first and most impressive benefit I experienced was the boost in my immune system that the meditation facilitated through the deep rest it provides. I went from having back to back colds to feeling healthy and almost never getting sick. Over the years, I also noticed that when I did get an occasional cold, it do not knock me out. I experienced only minor symptoms and they passed quickly.
With Wi-Ex YX230 zBoost experience more miles of clear sound calls without any interruption. This small device is able to extend cellular signal to 10 times the signal strength, dual band supported and can work with almost every phone to provide improved data and voice service and requires no physical connection with your phone.

When looking for a quality laser pointer, the first thing that you should do is to ask yourself on what standards of quality you are looking for in such products. Many people want a pointer that will last for a long time. This means that they will no longer be bothered by always changing the device. Aside from that, having a quality product that will give quality results for a long time can actually save you money. If you want to be sure about the quality of the laser pointer that you are going to buy, you have to do a simple research about the products. It is not about what the manufacturers say about the product but it is about what the customers say about it.

Laser pointers of today are truly amazing. With such design and features that are really high-technology, there is no way that you will not buy if you can afford it. In fact, many people already have this device especially when they really need it in their work or industry. So if you think you want to be cool by having this device, this is your opportunity to have it and show it off to your friends.

But remember, you have to also be careful in using this for it can be hazardous without following its safety instructions.I can still remember my first laser pointer when I was in college. I was a prankster then and I used to make my classmates laugh by pointing it in the forehead of my teacher and the class started to laugh. Good thing that teacher was telling corny jokes and he was amazed that many of us laughed. He was unaware that we were not laughing at his joke but at the red dot seen on his head. Yes, the pointers available then were only red. But now, you can choose from various colors available.

Going back to the uses of these laser products, many people are benefiting from the light that it gives nowadays. The intensity of the light emitted by these products is brighter than before where they can go on a frequency up to 532nm. In fact, this is the fastest selling today can beam up to 80 miles reach. That can be an awesome ability that a pointer can give. It means that the light is intense that it can even burn easily combustible materials such as dry paper. In those years of its development, many professionals and students have been using this little piece of laser technology. It is typically used as a pointer in presentations and lectures. Aside from that, they are also used in night adventures, researches, and more.

Requestors are as many as cell phone jammer
Obviously, if we choose the conditions to determine if else, to judge the success of the conditions in the final else, we will unfortunately have to get to the data compared with all possible scenarios, a switch is the efficiency of many, will jumped into the branch we need this code is written in the run thread, that is, before closing the game will be an unlimited number of execution, we add a counter in the run thread, and then entered the game in figures do not move, in this case, the code will not enter the case branch, which is the optimal point in time when the first run to this location is 13.343 seconds, 101 runs to the time of the position point is 34.062 seconds. The aluminum alloy frame of cell phone jammer is adopted.
Similarly, we enter the game, to maintain the character does not move, that is, without any action, but this is probably the worst, the code will be detected from the first branch to the last branch, all the keys to match the detection side, If the characters move around will match from the middle position out of our characters do not move the case to record the implementation of the 1st to the point in time of 4.531 seconds, 101 times the execution time of 25.453 seconds, during which total consumption of 20.922 seconds for a total of 100 times, after the optimization of this process, the running time is reduced by 0.203 seconds. see that our optimization method is indeed to improve the effect of the code speed. Second, mobile phone game scale lack of technology, mobile games and there is no single industry standard, game developers to launch the game can only be run on a specific platform, which greatly diminished its market potential. cell phone jammer can act on CDMA, GSM, PHS, PCS, DCS and 3G.
Game mobile game service providers, but it is fragmented and have little effect, unlike the computer network games as can organize large-scale computer and video games, to cultivate a loyal group of professional players. In addition, the phone memory is also a constraint to the limited phone memory can meet the needs of todays most common games and other entertainment applications, but the face of the next generation of games have become the biggest obstacle. example, the phone can only save four games.

This low cost bass treble circuit consists of some capacitors, resistors, and two T/C pot for BASS and TREBLE control. this circuit can be made without even a veroboard. You just solder components as this circuit network is not so complex. It has only two-pin parts. Let’s take a look at he circuit diagram. Nothing to say about it, as it is so simple that a beginner level hobbyist can even understand and build this circuit.


But there are some -ve points of this circuit which I must say, after giving you the circuit. As no external power supply, the O/P power is much lesser than I/P power, so volume decreases. The treble control doesn’t act as linear, it increases treble a lot in the end pot side

A DTMF-based IR transmitter and receiver pair can be used to realize a proximity detector. The circuit presented here enables you to detect any object capable of reflecting the IR beam and moving in front of the IR LED photo-detector pair up to a distance of about 12 cm from it. The circuit uses the commonly available telephony ICs such as dial-tone generator 91214B/91215B (IC1) and DTMF decoder CM8870 (IC2) in conjunction with infrared LED (IR LED1), photodiode D1, and other components as shown in the figure.

DTMF Proximity Detector Circuit Diagram

A properly regulated 5V DC power supply is required for operation of the circuit. The transmitter part is configured around dialer IC1. Its row 1 (pin 15) and column 1 (pin 12) get connected together via transistor T2 after a power-on delay (determined by capacitor C1 and resistors R1 and R16 in the base circuit of the transistor) to generate DTMF tone (combination of 697 Hz and 1209 Hz) corresponding to keypad digit “1” continuously. LED 2 is used to indicate the tone output from IC3.

This tone output is amplified by Darlington transistor pair of T3 and T4 to drive IR LED1 via variable resistor VR1 in series with fixed 10-ohm resistor R14. Thus IR LED1 produces tone-modulated IR light. Variable resistor VR1 controls the emission level to vary the transmission range. LED 3 indicates that transmission is taking place. A part of modulated IR light signal transmitted by IR LED1, after reflection from an object, falls on photodetector diode D1.

The photodetector is to be shielded from direct IR light transmission path of IR LED1 by using any opaque partition so that it receives only the reflected IR light.) On detection of the signal by photodetector, it is coupled to DTMF decoder IC2 through emitter-follower transistor T1. When the valid tone pair is detected by the decoder, its StD pin 15 (shorted to TOE pin 10) goes ‘high’. The detection of the object in proximity of IR transmitter-receiver combination is indicated by LED1.

The active-high logic output pulse (terminated at connector CON1, in the figure) can be used to switch on/off any device (such as a siren via a latch and relay driver) or it can be used to clock a counter, etc. This DTMF proximity detector finds applications in burglar alarms, object counter and tachometers, etc.

The material test of cell phone booster cannot be cancelled
Further established the worlds largest cell phone users status. Industrial scale, concentration increased as of April 2007, 41 new cell phone companies, including 11 foreign-invested enterprises, Chinese enterprises to 30, with production capacity of about 140 million while the new cell phone manufacturers in the low-end products based mainly on the Chinese market, the annual demand of about 60 million to 100 million units, made in China to exceed demand and production companies to expand the number of cell phone production growth will further exacerbate the market competition increasingly fierce competitive environment has led to an overall decline in industry profits, loss of business and the amount is increasing. cell phone booster can work continuously for a long time. On the other hand, the Chinese cell phone industry to further expand the industrial scale, while also further enhance the industrial concentration which Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Bird, Lenovo, and Amoi top ten companies account for almost the total production of all 80% of the industry, including Nokia, Motorola, Sony Ericsson and Samsung, the market share of 81.96 percent, the domestic cell phone market share of SMEs is very limited. 72. handset industry value chain structure of the cell phone industry value chain structure divided into three two components: the upper reaches of cell phone R & D, design and component suppliers, midstream and downstream cell phone handset manufacturers brand marketers, operators in the mobile industry on a technical level, Chinas cell phone industry is still in catch-up phase, the total production level in the cell phone Chinese cell phone industry in rapid growth stage. The company only takes responsibility of changing a new cell phone booster or repairing cell phone booster .
Chinese cell phone industry cluster is still in the global value chain under the low value-added chain. Handsets needed for the production of most of the active and passive, body parts (only about 30% of production costs) can be made, but not yet fully grasp the industry core technology and key components of the production technology, and small-scale enterprises, SMEs accounted for 92.61% of the proportion of overall competitiveness. Chinese cell phone industry structure shows structural characteristics of olive shape: the upper reaches of the lack of core technology and key components industry production technology; River is gradually assembled a strong, general parts production capacity; and downstream of brand management, logistics are still weak. Upstream: cell phone design platform (chip module). Overall, Chinas cell phone industry cluster is still in the low-value-added chain of production processes and generally supporting the production of parts gathering stage of development.

An amplifier to drive low to medium impedance headphones built using discrete components.

Both halves of the circuit are identical. Both inputs have a dc path to ground via the input 47k control which should be a dual log type potentiometer. The balance control is a single 47k linear potentiometer, which at center adjustment prevents even attenuation to both left and right input signals. If the balance control is moved towards the left side, the left input track has less resistance than the right track and the left channel is reduced more than the right side and vice versa. The preceding 10k resitors ensure that neither input can be "shorted" to earth.

Circuit diagram:

Headphone Amplifier Circuit Diagram

Amplification of the audio signal is provided by a single stage common emitter amplifier and then via a direct coupled emitter follower. Overall gain is less than 10 but the final emitter follower stage will directly drive 8 ohm headphones. Higher impedance headphones will work equally well. Note the final 2k2 resistor at each output. This removes the dc potential from the 2200u coupling capacitors and prevents any "thump" being heard when headphones are plugged in. The circuit is self biasing and designed to work with any power supply from 6 to 20 Volts DC.

Source : www.extremecircuits.net

First, we want to explain how such a controller works and what’s involved. A bipolar motor has two windings, and thus four leads. Each winding can carry a positive current, a negative current or no current. This is indicated in Table 1 by a ‘+’, a ‘–‘ or a blank. A binary counter (IC1) receives clock pulses, in response to which it counts up or down (corresponding to the motor turning to the left or the right). The counter increments on the positive edge of the pulse applied to the clock input if the up/down input is at the supply level, and it decrements if the up/down input is at earth level.

The state of the counter is decoded to produce the conditions listed in Table 2. Since it must be possible to reverse the direction of the current in the winding, each winding must be wired into a bridge circuit. This means that four transistors must be driven for each winding. Only diagonally opposed transistors may be switched on at any given time, since otherwise short circuits would occur. At first glance, Table 2 appears incorrect, since there seem to always be four active intervals. However, you should consider that a current flows only when a and c are both active. The proper signals are generated by the logic circuitry, and each winding can be driven by a bridge circuit consisting of four BC517 transistors.

Two bridge circuits are needed, one for each winding. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that there is a large voltage drop across the upper transistors in particular (which are Darlingtons in this case). This means that there is not much voltage left for the winding, especially with a 5-V supply. It is thus better to use a different type of bridge circuit, with PNP transistors in the upper arms. This of course means that the drive signals for the upper transistors must be reversed. We thus need an inverted signal in place of 1a. Fortunately, this is available in the form of 1d.

The same situation applies to 1b (1c), 2a (2d) and 2b (2c). In this case, IC4 is not necessary. Stepper motors are often made to work with 12V. The logic ICs can handle voltages up to 15 to 18 V, so that using a supply voltage of 12 V or a bit higher will not cause any problems. With a supply voltage at this level, the losses in the bridge circuits are also not as significant. However, you should increase the resistor values (to 22 kΩ, for example). You should preferably use the same power supply for the motor and the controller logic. This is because all branches of the bridge circuit will conduct at the same time in the absence of control signals, which yields short-circuits.

In contrast to an ordinary voltmeter, the input of an oscilloscope generally has one side (GND) connected to ground via the mains lead. In certain situations this can be very problematic. When the measuring probe is connected to a circuit that is also connected to ground, there is a chance that a short is introduced in the circuit. That the circuit, and hence the measurement, is affected by this is the least of your problems. If you were taking measurements from high current or high voltage (valve equipment) circuits, the out-come could be extremely dangerous! Fortunately it is not too difficult to get round this problem.

All you have to do is make the input to the oscilloscope float with respect to ground. The instrumentation amplifier shown here does that, and functions as an attenuator as well. The AD621 from Analog Devices amplifies the input by a factor of 10, and a switch at the input gives a choice of 3 ranges. A ‘GND’ position has also been included, to calibrate the zero setting of the oscilloscope. The maximum input voltage at any setting may never exceed 600 VAC. Make sure that R1 and R8 have a working voltage of at least 600 V. You could use two equal resistors connected in series for these, since 300 V types are more easily obtainable.


You should also make sure that all resistors have a tolerance of 1% or better. Other specifications for the AD621 are: with an amplification of 10 times the CMRR is 110 dB and the bandwidth is 800 kHz. If you can’t find the AD621 locally, the AD620 is a good alternative. However, the bandwidth is then limited to about 120 kHz. The circuit can be housed inside a metal case with a mains supply, but also works perfectly well when powered from two 9V batteries. The current consumption is only a few milliamps. You could also increase R9 to 10 k to reduce the power consumption a bit more.

Three LEDs signal bumper-barrier distance, Infra-red operation, indoor use
This circuit was designed as an aid in parking the car near the garage wall when backing up. LED D7 illuminates when bumper-wall distance is about 20 cm., D7+D6 illuminate at about 10 cm. and D7+D6+D5 at about 6 cm. In this manner you are alerted when approaching too close to the wall. All distances mentioned before can vary, depending on infra-red transmitting and receiving LEDs used and are mostly affected by the color of the reflecting surface. Black surfaces lower greatly the device sensitivity. Obviously, you can use this circuit in other applications like liquids level detection, proximity devices etc.

Parts:

R1_____________10K 1/4W Resistor
R2,R5,R6,R9_____1K 1/4W Resistors
R3_____________33R 1/4W Resistor
R4,R11__________1M 1/4W Resistors
R7______________4K7 1/4W Resistor
R8______________1K5 1/4W Resistor
R10,R12-R14_____1K 1/4W Resistors
C1,C4___________1µF 63V Electrolytic or Polyester Capacitors
C2_____________47pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor
C3,C5_________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
D1_____________Infra-red LED
D2_____________Infra-red Photo Diode (see Notes)
D3,D4________1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
D5-7___________LEDs (Any color and size)
IC1_____________555 Timer IC
IC2___________LM324 Low Power Quad Op-amp
IC3____________7812 12V 1A Positive voltage regulator IC

Circuit operation:

IC1 forms an oscillator driving the infra-red LED by means of 0.8mSec. pulses at 120Hz frequency and about 300mA peak current. D1 & D2 are placed facing the car on the same line, a couple of centimeters apart, on a short breadboard strip fastened to the wall. D2 picks-up the infra-red beam generated by D1 and reflected by the surface placed in front of it. The signal is amplified by IC2A and peak detected by D4 & C4. Diode D3, with R5 & R6, compensates for the forward diode drop of D4. A DC voltage proportional to the distance of the reflecting object and D1 & D2 feeds the inverting inputs of three voltage comparators. These comparators switch on and off the LEDs, referring to voltages at their non-inverting inputs set by the voltage divider resistor chain R7-R10.

Circuit modification:

A circuit modification featuring an audible alert instead of the visual one is available here: Park-Aid Modification

Notes:

• Power supply must be regulated (hence the use of IC3) for precise reference voltages. The circuit can be fed by a commercial wall plug-in adapter, having a DC output voltage in the range 12-24V.
• Current drawing: LEDs off 40mA; all LEDs on 60mA @ 12V DC supply.
• The infra-red Photo Diode D2, should be of the type incorporating an optical sunlight filter: these components appear in black plastic cases. Some of them resemble TO92 transistors: in this case, please note that the sensitive surface is the curved, not the flat one.
• Avoid sun or artificial light hitting directly D1 & D2.
• If your car has black bumpers, you can line-up the infra-red diodes with the (mostly white) license or number plate.
• It is wiser to place all the circuitry near the infra-red LEDs in a small box. The 3 signaling LEDs can be placed far from the main box at an height making them well visible by the car driver.
• The best setup is obtained bringing D2 nearer to D1 (without a reflecting object) until D5 illuminates; then moving it a bit until D5 is clearly off. Usually D1-D2 optimum distance lies in the range 1.5-3 cm.
• If you are needing a simpler circuit of this kind driving a LED or a relay, click Infra-red Level Detector

Many modern circuits tend to work from a single supply voltage of 3V. But often they need a virtual earth at half the supply voltage for efficient operation. The splitter shown in the diagram bisects the supply voltage with a high-resistance potential divider, R1-R2, and buffers the resulting 1.5 V line with an op amp. Since the op amp used is not a fast type, the output is decoupled by capacitive divider C2-C3. This ensures that the impedance of the virtual earth point remains low over a wide frequency band. Because the potential at the junction C2-C3-R3 is fed back to the inverting input of IC1, the circuit becomes a standard voltage follower.

Resistor R3 ensures that the regulation remains stable. The circuit can regulate ±2mA without any difficulties. Because of the low current drawn by IC1, and the high resistance of R1 and R2, the overall current drain is low. In the absence of a load, it was 13µA in the prototype, of which 1.5µA flows through R1-R2. Finally, since IC1 can operate from a voltage as low as 1.6V, the splitter will remain fully operational when the battery nears the end of its charge or life.

My current vehicle, a Pajero, was modified for dual fuel - ie, petrol and gas. However, its necessary to run the vehicle on petrol at regular intervals to stop the injectors from clogging up. This simple circuit allows the vehicle to be started using petrol and then automatically switches it to gas when the speed exceeds 45km/h and the brake pedal is pressed. Alternatively, the vehicle may be run on petrol simply by switching the existing petrol/gas switch to petrol. You can also start the vehicle on gas by pressing the brake pedal while starting the vehicle. The circuit is based on an LM324 dual op amp, with both op amps wired as comparators. It works like this: IC1a buffers the signal from the vehicles speed sensor and drives an output filter network (D1, a 560kO resistor and a 10µF capacitor) to produce a DC voltage thats proportional to the vehicles speed.

Circuit diagram:

This voltage is then applied to pin 5 of IC1b and compared with the voltage set by trimpot VR1. When pin 7 of IC1b goes high, transistor Q1 turns on. This also turns on transistor Q2 when the brake pedal is pressed (pressing the brake pedal applies +12V from the brake light circuit to Q2s emitter). And when Q2 turns on, relay 1 turns on and its contacts switch to the gas position. Trimpot VR1 must be adjusted so that IC1bs pin 7 output switches high when the desired trigger speed is reached (ie, 45km/h). In effect, the speed signal is ANDed with the brake light signal to turn on the relay. The vehicle has been running this circuit for several years now and is still running well, with no further injector cleans required.

Author: J. Malnar - Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics

Source : www.extremecircuits.net